Asthma Attacks: Emergency Steps to Help Someone Breathe

Below is a concise guide on how to help someone experiencing an asthma attack. These steps can stabilize breathing until professional care is available.

Recognize the Signs

• Wheezing: High-pitched whistling sound when exhaling.
  
• Breathing Difficulty: Rapid, shallow breathing; may struggle to speak full sentences.
  
• Chest Tightness: Feels like a band around the chest.
  
• Persistent Cough: Often with little or no mucus.

Stay Calm and Provide Reassurance

• Ease Anxiety: A relaxed environment helps slow breathing and reduce panic.
  
• Check for Inhalers: Encourage them to follow their asthma action plan if they have one.

Position and Support

• Sit Upright: Leaning slightly forward on a table may help open airways.
  
• Loosen Tight Clothing: Remove scarves, ties, or anything constricting around their neck or chest.

Assist with Medication

1. Locate Quick-Relief Inhaler (e.g., Albuterol):
   
   • Shake it properly.
     
   • If available, use a spacer.
     
2. Guide Use:
   
   • Ask them to breathe out fully.
     
   • Press the inhaler and have them inhale slowly.
     
   • Instruct them to hold breath for a few seconds before exhaling.
     
3. Monitor:
   
   • Wait about a minute between puffs if multiple are needed.

Observe Response and Symptoms

• Improvement: Breathing might become easier within minutes.
  
• Still Struggling? If symptoms persist or worsen, use additional puffs as directed by their plan.

When to Call Emergency Services

• Difficulty speaking more than a few words at a time.
  
• Chest or neck retractions (skin pulling inward) when breathing.
  
• Lips or face turning pale or bluish.
  
• Signs of confusion, drowsiness, or exhaustion.

Post-Attack Follow-Up

• Ensure they rest and drink water to stay hydrated.
  
• Encourage follow-up with a doctor if the attack was severe or unusual.

Quick Reference Checklist

1. Stay Calm – Provide reassurance and keep them upright.
   
2. Find the Inhaler – Assist in using it properly.
   
3. Remove Triggers – If any (smoke, allergens), relocate to cleaner air.
   
4. Monitor – Watch for improvements or worsening signs.
   
5. Call for Help – If multiple inhaler puffs fail or distress intensifies.
   

Disclaimer: This guide does not replace professional medical advice. In a severe or deteriorating situation, seek emergency help immediately.